RWANDA

Rwanda's population density, even after the 1994 genocide, is among the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa (230 per sq. km.--590 per sq. mi.). Nearly every family in this country with few villages lives in a self-contained compound on a hillside. The urban concentrations are grouped around administrative centers. The indigenous population consists of three ethnic groups. The Hutus, who comprise the majority of the population (85%), are farmers of Bantu origin. The Tutsis (14%) are a pastoral people who arrived in the area in the 15th century. Until 1959, they formed the dominant caste under a feudal system based on cattleholding. The Twa (1%) are thought to be the remnants of the earliest settlers of the region.

POPULATION GRAPH

Population: 10,473,282 country comparison to the world: 78 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2009 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 42.1% (male 2,216,352/female 2,196,327) 15-64 years: 55.4% (male 2,897,003/female 2,909,994) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 100,920/female 152,686) (2009 est.) Median age: total: 18.7 years male: 18.5 years female: 18.9 years (2009 est.) Population growth rate: 2.782% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 17 Birth rate: 39.67 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 18 Death rate: 14.02 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 23 Net migration rate: 2.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 41 Urbanization: urban population: 18% of total population (2008) rate of urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 81.61 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 17 male: 86.68 deaths/1,000 live births female: 76.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 50.52 years country comparison to the world: 206 male: 49.25 years female: 51.83 years (2009 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.25 children born/woman (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 22 HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 2.8% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 25 HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 150,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 37 HIV/AIDS - deaths: 7,800 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 37 Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria animal contact disease: rabies (2009) Nationality: noun: Rwandan(s) adjective: Rwandan Ethnic groups: Hutu (Bantu) 84%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 15%, Twa (Pygmy) 1% Religions: Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant 26%, Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7% (2001) Languages: Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 70.4% male: 76.3% female: 64.7% (2003 est.) School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 9 years male: 8 years female: 9 years (2005) Education expenditures: 3.8% of GDP (2005) country comparison to the world: 115 People - note: