Libya

People

Libyans are primarily a mixture of Arabs and Berbers. Small Tebou and Touareg tribal groups in southern Libya are nomadic or semi-nomadic. Among foreign residents, the largest groups are Egyptians (estimates range from 400,000 to 1 million), Tunisians (40,000), Turks, Pakistanis, Indians, Sudanese, Moroccans, Jordanians, South Koreans, and Thais. Other foreign residents include 70,000 from Eastern Europe and 40,000 from Western Europe.

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1990 2000 2010 2020
Population, total (millions) 4.44 5.36 6.2 6.87
Population growth (annual %) 2.5 1.5 1 1.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) 1,759.50 1,759.50 1,759.50 1,759.50
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) 2.5 3 3.5 3.9
Income share held by lowest 20% .. .. .. ..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 69 71 72 73
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 5 2.9 2.5 2.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) 14 7 6 6
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) .. 45 42 ..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 99 100 ..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 42 28 17 11
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) .. .. 5.6 ..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 89 93 98 73
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
School enrollment, primary (% gross) .. 103.6 .. ..
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) .. 108 .. ..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) .. 1 .. ..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) .. .. .. 0.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) 668.6 648.5 817.1 817.1
Urban population growth (annual %) 2.5 1.7 1.3 1.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) 2,517 2,954 3,354 ..