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class="section text_post_block"> <h2 align="center" class="section_title section_title_big"> Gabon</h2> <div> <div align="center"> <table width="65%" border="0" cellspacing="12" cellpadding="12"> <tr> <td width="33%"><div align="center"><a href="Index.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Information@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td width="34%"><div align="center"><a href="Economy.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Economy@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td width="33%"><div align="center"><a href="Geo.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Geography@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Index.html">Basic</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Economy.html">Economy</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Geo.html">Geography</a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Gov.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Government@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="History1.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/History@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href=MILITARY.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Military@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Gov.html">Government</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="History1.html">History</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="MILITARY.html">Military</a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Population.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/People@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Tourism.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Tourism@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="transportation.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Transportation@2x.png" width="51" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Population.html">People</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Tourism.html">Tourism</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="transportation.html">Transportation</a></div></td> </table> </div> <div align="center"></div> <td width="445"> <p> </p> <h1 align="center">Government</h1> <div align="left"></div></td> </div> </div></div> <div class="container"> <p><br> <br> conventional long form: Gabonese Republic</p> <p>conventional short form: Gabon</p> <p>local long form: Republique Gabonaise</p> <p>local short form: Gabon</p> <p>etymology: name originates from the Portuguese word "gabao" meaning "cloak," which is roughly the shape that the early explorers gave to the estuary of the Komo River by the capital of Libreville</p> <p>Government type<br> presidential republic</p> <p><strong>Capital</strong><br> name: Libreville</p> <p>geographic coordinates: 0 23 N, 9 27 E</p> <p>time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)</p> <p>etymology: original site settled by freed slaves and the name means "free town" in French; named in imitation of Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone</p> <p>Administrative divisions<br> 9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga, Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem</p> <p><strong>Independence</strong><br> 17 August 1960 (from France)</p> <p><strong>National holiday</strong><br> Independence Day, 17 August (1960)</p> <p><strong>Constitution</strong><br> history: previous 1961; latest drafted May 1990, adopted 15 March 1991, promulgated 26 March 1991</p> <p>amendments: proposed by the president of the republic, by the Council of Ministers, or by one third of either house of Parliament; passage requires Constitutional Court evaluation, at least two-thirds majority vote of two thirds of the Parliament membership convened in joint session, and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on Gabon’s democratic form of government cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2020</p> <p><strong>Legal system</strong><br> mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law</p> <p>International law organization participation<br> has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction</p> <p><strong>Citizenship</strong><br> citizenship by birth: no</p> <p>citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Gabon</p> <p>dual citizenship recognized: no</p> <p>residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years</p> <p><strong>Suffrage</strong><br> 18 years of age; universal</p> <p><strong>Executive branch</strong><br> chief of state: President Ali BONGO Ondimba (since 16 October 2009)</p> <p>head of government: Prime Minister Rose Christiane Ossouka RAPONDA (since 16 July 2020)</p> <p>cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president </p> <p>elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 27 August 2016 (next to be held in August 2023); prime minister appointed by the president</p> <p>election results: Ali BONGO Ondimba reelected president; percent of vote - Ali BONGO Ondimba (PDG) 49.8%, Jean PING (UFC) 48.2%, other 2.0%</p> <p><strong>Legislative branch</strong><br> description: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br> Senate or Senat (102 seats; members indirectly elected by municipal councils and departmental assemblies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms)<br> National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (143 seats; members elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)</p> <p>elections:<br> Senate - last held on 13 December 2014 (next to be held on 31 December 2020)<br> National Assembly - held in 2 rounds on 6 and 27 October 2018 (next to be held in 2023)</p> <p>election results:<br> Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 81, CLR 7, PSD 2, ADERE-UPG 1, UPG 1, PGCI 1, independent 7; composition - men 84, women 18, percent of women 17.6%<br> National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 98, The Democrats or LD 11, RV 8, Social Democrats of Gabon 5, RH&M 4, other 9, independent 8; composition - men 123, women 20, percent of women 14%; note - total Parliament percent of women 15.5%</p> <p><strong>Judicial branch</strong><br> highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of 4 permanent specialized supreme courts - Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation, Administrative Supreme Court or Conseil d'Etat, Accounting Supreme Court or Cour des Comptes, Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle, and the non-permanent Court of State Security, initiated only for cases of high treason by the president and criminal activity by executive branch officials)</p> <p>judge selection and term of office: appointment and tenure of Supreme, Administrative, Accounting, and State Security courts NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed - 3 by the national president, 3 by the president of the Senate, and 3 by the president of the National Assembly; judges serve single renewable 7-year terms</p> <p>subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; county courts; military courts</p> <p><strong>Political parties and leaders</strong><br> Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [Gen. Jean-Boniface ASSELE]<br> Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE [DIDJOB Divungui di Ndinge]<br> Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG [Ali BONGO Ondimba]<br> Independent Center Party of Gabon or PGCI [Luccheri GAHILA]<br> Legacy and Modernity Party or RH&M<br> Rally for Gabon or RPG<br> Restoration of Republican Values or RV<br> Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]<br> Social Democrats of Gabon<br> The Democrats or LD<br> Union for the New Republic or UPRN [Louis Gaston MAYILA]<br> Union of Gabonese People or UPG [Richard MOULOMBA]<br> Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Jean PING]</p> <p> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-format="autorelaxed" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3974071567099242" data-ad-slot="5027193468"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script>  </p> </div></div></div> </p> </div></div></div><footer class="footer footer_3"> <div class="footer_top_part"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-6"> <div class="widget widget_text" data-appear-animation="fadeInDown" data-appear-animation-delay="1150"> <h3 class="widget_title">About</h3> <a href="../../index.html" class="logo"><img src="../../images/HistoryCentralHeadTag.svg" alt=""></a> <p><font size="-1" face="Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif"><strong>American history and world history can be found at historycental- History's home on the web. 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