Government of Republic of Dominican Republic/title> <meta name = "format-detection" content = "telephone=no" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">  <meta name="author" content="Marc Schulman"> <meta name="keywords" content="Info,Comoros, History,"> <meta name="description" content="Government of Republic of Dominican Republic"> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="../../images/fav_icon.ico">  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="../../css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="../../css/style.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../css/font-awesome.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="../../css/responsive.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="../../css/owl.carousel.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="../../plugins/flexslider/flexslider.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="../../css/animate.css">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-XEJ1D37VR5"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-XEJ1D37VR5'); </script> </head> <body class="wide_layout"> <div class="wrapper_container"> <header role="banner" class="header header_3">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-XEJ1D37VR5"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-XEJ1D37VR5'); </script> <div class="h_top_part"> <div class="pre_header"> <style> .header_ad { width: 300px; height: 250px; } @media(min-width: 800px) { .header_ad { width: 728px; height: 90px; } } @media(min-width: 1024px) { .header_ad { width: 970px; height: 250px; } } </style>  <ins class="adsbygoogle header_ad" style="display:inline-block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3974071567099242" data-ad-slot="4988951866"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12">  <div class="header_top mobile_menu"> <nav> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com">Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Educators/Index.html">Educators</a></li> <li><a href="https://ww.historycentral.com/Students/Index.html">Students</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.multieducator.net/history.html">Apps</a></li> <li><a href="https://ww.historycentral.com/Contact.html">Contact</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="menu_wrap"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-12"> <a href="https://www.historycentral.com" class="logo"><img src="https://www.historycentral.com/images/HistoryCentralHeadTag.svg" alt=""width="140" height="60">></a> </div> <div class="col-lg-10 col-md-12"> <div class="clearfix">  <button id="menu_button"> Menu </button>  <nav role="navigation" class="main_menu menu_var3"> <ul> <li class="current"><a href="https://www.historycentral.com">Home<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/dates/">World<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a>  <div class="sub_menu_wrap type_2 clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/dates/MainBeforeBC.html">5000 BC-0 BC</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/dates/Main1000AD.html">1 AD- 1500 AD</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/WH1400-1900/Index.html">1400-1899</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/20thCent.html">20th Century</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/USHistory.html">US<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a>  <div class="sub_menu_wrap type_2 clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/explorers/Index.html">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/TheColonies/Index.html">Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Revolt/index.html">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/NN/Index.html">New Nation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Ant/Index.html">Antebellum</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/CivilWar/index.html">Civil WAr</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/rec/index.html">Reconstruction Industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/WStage/Index.html">World Stage</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/TheTwenties/Index.html">Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/DEP/Index.html">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/ww2/index.html">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/postwar/index.html">Postwar</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/sixty/index.html">Sixties</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Today/Index.html">1975-2000</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Today/21st.html">2001-2020</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/elections/index.html">Elections<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/wars.html">Wars<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a>  <div class="sub_menu_wrap type_2 clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Revolt/index.html">Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/1812/Index.html">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/mexican/index.html">Mexican American</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/CivilWar/index.html">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/spanish/index.html">Spanish American</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/ww1/index.html">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/ww2/index.html">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/korea/index.html">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/Vietnam/index.html">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/desert_storm/index.html">First Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/enduringfreedom/index.html">Enduring Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/freeIraq/Index.html">Iraqi Freedom</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="#">Specials<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a>  <div class="sub_menu_wrap type_2 clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/AfiricanAmerican/Index.html">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Indians/index.html">Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Women/Index.html">Women</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/ImmigrationStats/Index.html">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/navy/index.html">US Navy Ships</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/stations/index.html">Railroads</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/aviation/index.html">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/documents/index.html">Documents</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Games.html">History Games</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Bio/index.html">People<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a>  <div class="sub_menu_wrap type_2 clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Bio/presidents/index.html">Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Bio/ladies/index.html">First Ladies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Bio/people/index.html">20th Century Bios</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/FDR/Index.html">FDR Biography</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/JFK/Index.html">JFK Biography</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Civics/Index.html">Civics<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a>  <div class="sub_menu_wrap type_2 clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Civics/Pres/Presidency.html">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Civics/CONGRESS/Congress.html">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Civics/Courts/Courts.html">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Civics/federal/Federalism.html">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Civics/Bill/Bill.html">Bill of Rights</a></li> </ul> </div ></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/States/index.html">States<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Reviews.html">Reviews<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/historycentral">YouTube<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script async src='https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=partner-pub-3974071567099242:3937234022'></script><div class="gcse-searchbox-only"></div> </header>  <div class="content"> <div align="center"></div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="section text_post_block"> <h2 align="center" class="section_title section_title_big">Republic of Dominican Republic</h2> <div> <div align="center"> <table width="65%" border="0" cellspacing="12" cellpadding="12"> <tr> <td width="33%"><div align="center"><a href="Index.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Information@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td width="34%"><div align="center"><a href="Economy.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Economy@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td width="33%"><div align="center"><a href="Geo.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Geography@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Index.html">Basic</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Economy.html">Economy</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Geo.html">Geography</a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Gov.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Government@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="History1.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/History@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href=MILITARY.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Military@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Gov.html">Government</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="History1.html">History</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="MILITARY.html">Military</a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Population.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/People@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Tourism.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Tourism@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="transportation.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Transportation@2x.png" width="51" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Population.html">People</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Tourism.html">Tourism</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="transportation.html">Transportation</a></div></td> </table> </div> <div align="center"></div> <td width="445"> <p> </p> <h1 align="center">Government</h1> <div align="left"></div></td> </div> </div></div> <div class="container"> <p><br> <br> <strong>Country name</strong><br> conventional long form: Dominican Republic</p> <p>conventional short form: The Dominican</p> <p>local long form: Republica Dominicana</p> <p>local short form: La Dominicana</p> <p>etymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Santo Domingo (Saint Dominic)</p> <p><strong>Government type</strong><br> presidential republic</p> <p><strong>Capital</strong><br> name: Santo Domingo</p> <p>geographic coordinates: 18 28 N, 69 54 W</p> <p>time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)</p> <p>etymology: named after Saint Dominic de Guzman (1170-1221), founder of the Dominican Order</p> <p><strong>Administrative divisions</strong><br> 10 regions (regiones, singular - region); Cibao Nordeste, Cibao Noroeste, Cibao Norte, Cibao Sur, El Valle, Enriquillo, Higuamo, Ozama, Valdesia, Yuma</p> <p>conventional long form: Dominican Republic</p> <p>conventional short form: The Dominican</p> <p>local long form: Republica Dominicana</p> <p>local short form: La Dominicana</p> <p>etymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Santo Domingo (Saint Dominic)</p> <p><strong>Government type</strong><br> presidential republic</p> <p><strong>Capital</strong><br> name: Santo Domingo</p> <p>geographic coordinates: 18 28 N, 69 54 W</p> <p>time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)</p> <p>etymology: named after Saint Dominic de Guzman (1170-1221), founder of the Dominican Order</p> <p>Administrative divisions<br> 10 regions (regiones, singular - region); Cibao Nordeste, Cibao Noroeste, Cibao Norte, Cibao Sur, El Valle, Enriquillo, Higuamo, Ozama, Valdesia, Yuma</p> <p><strong>Independence</strong><br> 27 February 1844 (from Haiti)</p> <p><strong>National holiday</strong><br> Independence Day, 27 February (1844)</p> <p><strong>Constitution</strong><br> history: many previous (38 total); latest proclaimed 13 June 2015</p> <p>amendments: proposed by a special session of the National Congress called the National Revisory Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority approval by at least one half of those present in both houses of the Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as fundamental rights and guarantees, territorial composition, nationality, or the procedures for constitutional reform, also requires approval in a referendum</p> <p><strong>Legal system</strong><br> civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system</p> <p>International law organization participation<br> accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction</p> <p><strong>Citizenship</strong><br> citizenship by birth: no</p> <p>citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the Dominican Republic</p> <p>dual citizenship recognized: yes</p> <p>residency requirement for naturalization: 2 years</p> <p><strong>Suffrage</strong><br> 18 years of age; universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age can vote; note - members of the armed forces and national police by law cannot vote</p> <p><strong>Executive branch</strong><br> chief of state: President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020); Vice President Raquel PENA de Antuna (since 16 August 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government</p> <p>head of government: President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020); Vice President Raquel PENA de Antuna (since 16 August 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government</p> <p>cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the president</p> <p>elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a maximum of two consecutive terms); election last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held in 2024); note - the 2020 election was rescheduled from 17 May to 5 July 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic</p> <p><strong>election results:</strong><br> 2020: Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona elected president in first round; percent of vote - Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 52.5%, Gonzalo CASTILLO Terrero (PLD) 37.5%, Leonel Antonio FERNANDEZ Reyna (FP) 8.9% other 1.1%</p> <p>2016: Danilo MEDINA Sanchez reelected president; percent of vote - Danilo MEDINA Sanchez (PLD) 61.7%, Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 35%, other 3.3%; Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ (PLD) reelected vice president</p> <p><strong>Legislative branch</strong><br> description: bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:<br> Senate or Senado (32 seats; 26 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 6 members indirectly elected based upon province-wide party plurality votes for its candidates to the Chamber of Deputies; all members serve 4-year terms; note - in 2019, the Central Election Commission changed the electoral system for seats in26 constituencies to direct simple majority but retained indirect election for the remaining 6 constituencies; previously all 32 members were indirectly elected; the change had been challenged by the ruling and opposition parties)<br> House of Representatives or Camara de Diputados (190 seats; 178 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method, 5 members in a nationwide constituency and 7 diaspora members directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)</p> <p>elections:<br> Senate - last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held 2024)<br> House of Representatives - last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held in 2024); note - the 2020 election was rescheduled from 17 May to 5 July 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic</p> <p>election results:<br> Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRM 17, PLD 6, PRSC 6, BIS 1, DXC 1, FP 1<br> House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRM 86, PLD 75, PRSC 6, PRD 4, Broad Front 3, FP 3, AP 2, APD 2, BIS 2, DXC 2, other 5</p> <p><strong>Judicial branch</strong><br> highest courts: Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia (consists of a minimum of 16 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges); note - the Constitutional Court was established in 2010 by constitutional amendment</p> <p>judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary comprised of the president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president of the Supreme Court, and a non-governing party congressional representative; Supreme Court judges appointed for 7-year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms</p> <p>subordinate courts: courts of appeal; courts of first instance; justices of the peace; special courts for juvenile, labor, and land cases; Contentious Administrative Court for cases filed against the government</p> <p>Political parties and leaders<br> Alliance for Democracy or APD<br> Broad Front (Frente Amplio) [Fidel SANTANA]<br> Country Alliance or AP [Guillermo Antonio MORENO Garcia]<br> Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Danilo MEDINA Sánchez]<br> Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Miguel VARGAS Maldonado]<br> Dominicans For Change or DXC [Manuel OVIEDO Estrada]<br> Institutional Social Democratic Bloc or BIS<br> Liberal Reformist Party or PRL (formerly the Liberal Party of the Dominican Republic or PLRD)<br> Modern Revolutionary Party or PRM [Jose Ignacio PALIZA]<br> National Progressive Front or FNP [Vinicio CASTILLO, Pelegrin CASTILLO]<br> People's Force or FP [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]<br> Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Federico ANTUN]</p> <p><br> 27 February 1844 (from Haiti)</p> <p>National holiday<br> Independence Day, 27 February (1844)</p> <p>Constitution<br> history: many previous (38 total); latest proclaimed 13 June 2015</p> <p>amendments: proposed by a special session of the National Congress called the National Revisory Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority approval by at least one half of those present in both houses of the Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as fundamental rights and guarantees, territorial composition, nationality, or the procedures for constitutional reform, also requires approval in a referendum</p> <p>Legal system<br> civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system</p> <p>International law organization participation<br> accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction</p> <p>Citizenship<br> citizenship by birth: no</p> <p>citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the Dominican Republic</p> <p>dual citizenship recognized: yes</p> <p>residency requirement for naturalization: 2 years</p> <p>Suffrage<br> 18 years of age; universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age can vote; note - members of the armed forces and national police by law cannot vote</p> <p>Executive branch<br> chief of state: President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020); Vice President Raquel PENA de Antuna (since 16 August 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government</p> <p>head of government: President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020); Vice President Raquel PENA de Antuna (since 16 August 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government</p> <p>cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the president</p> <p>elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a maximum of two consecutive terms); election last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held in 2024); note - the 2020 election was rescheduled from 17 May to 5 July 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic</p> <p>election results:<br> 2020: Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona elected president in first round; percent of vote - Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 52.5%, Gonzalo CASTILLO Terrero (PLD) 37.5%, Leonel Antonio FERNANDEZ Reyna (FP) 8.9% other 1.1%</p> <p>2016: Danilo MEDINA Sanchez reelected president; percent of vote - Danilo MEDINA Sanchez (PLD) 61.7%, Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 35%, other 3.3%; Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ (PLD) reelected vice president</p> <p>Legislative branch<br> description: bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:<br> Senate or Senado (32 seats; 26 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 6 members indirectly elected based upon province-wide party plurality votes for its candidates to the Chamber of Deputies; all members serve 4-year terms; note - in 2019, the Central Election Commission changed the electoral system for seats in26 constituencies to direct simple majority but retained indirect election for the remaining 6 constituencies; previously all 32 members were indirectly elected; the change had been challenged by the ruling and opposition parties)<br> House of Representatives or Camara de Diputados (190 seats; 178 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method, 5 members in a nationwide constituency and 7 diaspora members directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)</p> <p>elections:<br> Senate - last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held 2024)<br> House of Representatives - last held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held in 2024); note - the 2020 election was rescheduled from 17 May to 5 July 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic</p> <p>election results:<br> Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRM 17, PLD 6, PRSC 6, BIS 1, DXC 1, FP 1<br> House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRM 86, PLD 75, PRSC 6, PRD 4, Broad Front 3, FP 3, AP 2, APD 2, BIS 2, DXC 2, other 5</p> <p>Judicial branch<br> highest courts: Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia (consists of a minimum of 16 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges); note - the Constitutional Court was established in 2010 by constitutional amendment</p> <p>judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary comprised of the president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president of the Supreme Court, and a non-governing party congressional representative; Supreme Court judges appointed for 7-year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms</p> <p>subordinate courts: courts of appeal; courts of first instance; justices of the peace; special courts for juvenile, labor, and land cases; Contentious Administrative Court for cases filed against the government</p> <p>Political parties and leaders<br> Alliance for Democracy or APD<br> Broad Front (Frente Amplio) [Fidel SANTANA]<br> Country Alliance or AP [Guillermo Antonio MORENO Garcia]<br> Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Danilo MEDINA Sánchez]<br> Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Miguel VARGAS Maldonado]<br> Dominicans For Change or DXC [Manuel OVIEDO Estrada]<br> Institutional Social Democratic Bloc or BIS<br> Liberal Reformist Party or PRL (formerly the Liberal Party of the Dominican Republic or PLRD)<br> Modern Revolutionary Party or PRM [Jose Ignacio PALIZA]<br> National Progressive Front or FNP [Vinicio CASTILLO, Pelegrin CASTILLO]<br> People's Force or FP [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]<br> Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Federico ANTUN]</p> <p><br> Dominican Republic United Workers Party or UWP [Lennox LINTON]</p> </div> </div> </div> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-format="autorelaxed" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3974071567099242" data-ad-slot="5027193468"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <footer class="footer footer_3">  <footer class="footer footer_3">  <div class="footer_bottom_part"> <div class="container clearfix"> </div> </div>  <div class="footer_bottom_part"> <div class="container clearfix"> <p>© 1996-2023 <span>Historycentral.com Inc</span>. All Rights Reserved.</p> <div class="mobile_menu"> <nav> <ul> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/index.html">Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/wars.html">War</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/USHistory.html">American History</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/dates/index.html">World History</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/CivilWar/index.html">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/Historynews.html">History News</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/navy/index.html">Navy History</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/Privacy.html">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/About.html">About.html</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.multieducator.net/history.html">Apps</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <script src="https://historycentral.com/js/jquery-2.1.0.min.js"></script> <script src="https://historycentral.com/js/plugins.js"></script> <script src="https://historycentral.com/js/script.js"></script> <!––blank ––> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <!––blank –