>Columbia
People
In late 1980s, mestizos constituted approximately 50% of population; whites 25%; mulattoes and zambos (black-Indian mix) 20%; blacks 4%; and Indians 1%. The official language of the country is Spanish.
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| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2018 | |
| Population, total (millions) | 33.1 | 39.63 | 45.22 | 49.66 |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.5 |
| Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) | 1,141.80 | 1,141.80 | 1,141.80 | 1,141.70 |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 29.8 | 35.7 | 40.8 | 44.8 |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | 49.7 | 37.2 | 27 |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) | 9 | 16.8 | 7.9 | 4.2 |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | 3.7 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 4 |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 70 | 73 | 75 | 77 |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2 | 1.8 |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 96 | 98 | 77 | 65 |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49) | 66 | 77 | 79 | 81 |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 81 | 86 | 95 | 96 |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 35 | 25 | 18 | 14 |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | 8.8 | 4.9 | 3.4 | 3.7 |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 82 | 88 | 88 | 95 |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 75 | 96 | 117 | 107 |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 107.5 | 119.4 | 120.3 | 114.5 |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 54 | 73 | 98 | 98 |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Environment | ||||
| Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) | 644.2 | 618 | 586.4 | 584.8 |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | 15.7 |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | 0.4 | 0.5 | .. |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.9 |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 732 | 651 | 690 | .. |
| CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 1.73 | 1.46 | 1.7 | 2.03 |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 872 | 846 | 1,095 | .. |
| Net migration (thousands) | -288 | -231 | -193 | 1,024 |