>ChiNa
People
Han Chinese make up over 91% of the population of China. The balance of the population are members of various other ethnic Chinese groups. China is officially atheist.
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| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2018 | |
| Population, total (millions) | 1,135.19 | 1,262.65 | 1,337.71 | 1,392.73 |
| Population growth (annual %) | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) | 9,563.00 | 9,562.90 | 9,562.90 | 9,562.90 |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 120.9 | 134.5 | 142.5 | 148.3 |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | 8.5 | 1.7 |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | 8.3 | 6.5 | 5.1 | 6.5 |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 69 | 71 | 74 | 77 |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 2.3 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 20 | 10 | 7 | 8 |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49) | 85 | 84 | 89 | 85 |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 94 | 97 | 100 | 100 |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 54 | 37 | 16 | 9 |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | 12.6 | 7.4 | 3.4 | .. |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 98 | 84 | 99 | 99 |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 102 | 91 | 98 | .. |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 127.5 | 112.3 | 99 | 100.2 |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 37 | 60 | 88 | .. |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Environment | ||||
| Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) | 1,571.40 | 1,770.00 | 2,006.10 | 2,098.60 |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | 14.6 |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 17.8 | 19.5 | 21.3 | .. |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.3 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 2.5 |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 767 | 899 | 1,955 | .. |
| CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 2.15 | 2.7 | 6.56 | 7.18 |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 511 | 993 | 2,944 | .. |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2018 | |
| Population, total (millions) | 13.27 | 15.34 | 17.06 | 18.73 |
| Population growth (annual %) | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1 | 1.4 |
| Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) | 756.1 | 756.1 | 756.1 | 756.7 |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 17.9 | 20.6 | 22.9 | 25.2 |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | 36 | 22.2 | 8.6 |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) | 8.1 | 4.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | 3.4 | 3.8 | 5.3 | 5.8 |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 74 | 76 | 79 | 80 |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 2.6 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.6 |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 66 | 60 | 54 | 40 |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49) | 56 | 61 | .. | 76 |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 19 | 11 | 9 | 7 |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | 0.7 | 0.5 | .. |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 97 | 97 | 93 | 93 |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | .. | 96 | 95 |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 102.6 | 103 | 103.8 | 101.4 |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 74 | 86 | 90 | 102 |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
| Environment | ||||
| Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) | 152.6 | 158.3 | 162.3 | 180.4 |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | 27 |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 2.3 | .. | 4 | .. |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.5 |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 1,055 | 1,640 | 1,808 | 2,006 |
| CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 2.51 | 3.83 | 4.23 | 4.71 |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,238 | 2,499 | 3,307 | .. |
| Net migration (thousands) | 4 | 42 | 164 | 559 |