African Americans and World War I

During World War I, African Americans played a crucial and multifaceted role, despite facing significant discrimination and prejudice both within the military and on the home front. Over 350,000 African Americans served in various capacities during the war, with many enlisting in hopes of proving their loyalty and securing greater civil rights. However, they were often relegated to segregated units and assigned to non-combat roles such as laborers, stevedores, and support staff. Despite these challenges, approximately 1,300 African Americans were commissioned as officers, following the establishment of a training camp for Black officers at Fort Des Moines, Iowa, in 1917.

Notably, the 369th Infantry Regiment, known as the “Harlem Hellfighters,” distinguished themselves in combat, earning numerous accolades for their bravery and spending more time in the trenches than any other American unit. Their valor and dedication challenged prevailing racist attitudes and highlighted the contradictions between the fight for democracy abroad and the lack of equality at home.